Cutting metal in large quantities: Stamping

If you want to use thinner sheet metal for cutting, stamping is an important process. It is used to produce flat parts or to introduce shapes and contours into a sheet. Stamped parts are manufactured industrially in a stamping machine with the help of stamping tools. The latter consists of two parts, the press and the die, which has an opening that matches the press. During the stamping process, the press moves linearly and dips into the die. The edges of the punch and die move past each other in parallel, separating the sheet.

In sheet metal forming, the result of the stamping process is not a continuous cut, even though it sometimes appears to be. Rather, the forces with which the stamping press presses on the material cut in the upper area. In the lower area, the material breaks as the punch exits the material.

There must be a cutting gap between the punch cutting edge and the insert breakthrough cutting edge. Its size depends on the strength and thickness of the material. Usually, the cutting gap reaches 2 to 5% of the material thickness. The cutting gap size then influences various factors, including the burr height on the cut part.

A special case of punching is so-called nibbling. In this process, a punching tool that is open on one side is used to line up many holes on a sheet edge. In contrast to conventional stamping and shearing, it allows a parting line and free shaping or a tool-independent cutting process. The tool can move in all directions and thus also create complex shapes.

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